- Nissen S, Sharp RL, Panton L, Vukovich M, Trappe S, Fuller JC, Jr. β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate (HMB) Supplementation in Humans Is Safe and May Decrease Cardiovascular Risk Factors. The Journal of Nutrition. 2000;130(8):1937-45.
- Nissen S, Sharp R, Ray M, Rathmacher J, Rice D, Fuller Jr J, et al. Effect of leucine metabolite β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate on muscle metabolism during resistance-exercise training. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1996.
- Slater GJ, Jenkins D. β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation and the promotion of muscle growth and strength. Sports Medicine. 2000;30(2):105-16.
- Zanchi NE, Gerlinger-Romero F, Guimaraes-Ferreira L, de Siqueira Filho MA, Felitti V, Lira FS, et al. HMB supplementation: clinical and athletic performance-related effects and mechanisms of action. Amino acids. 2011;40(4):1015-25.
- Fuller JC, Sharp RL, Angus HF, Baier SM, Rathmacher JA. Free acid gel form of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) improves HMB clearance from plasma in human subjects compared with the calcium HMB salt. British Journal of Nutrition. 2011;105(3):367-72.
- Fuller JC, Sharp RL, Angus HF, Khoo PY, Rathmacher JA. Comparison of availability and plasma clearance rates of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate delivery in the free acid and calcium salt forms. British Journal of Nutrition. 2015;114(9):1403-9.
- Gerlinger-Romero F, Guimarães-Ferreira L, Giannocco G, Nunes MT. Chronic supplementation of beta-hydroxy-beta methylbutyrate (HMβ) increases the activity of the GH/IGF-I axis and induces hyperinsulinemia in rats. Growth Hormone & IGF Research. 2011;21(2):57-62.
- Pakzad Hasanlou F, Vakili J, Nikokheslat S. The Effect of Traditional Resistance Training and with Blood Flow Restriction on Anabolic and Catabolic Hormonal Markers in Active Males. Journal of Applied Health Studies in Sport Physiology. 2020;7(1):45-54.
- Rahimi R, Qaderi M, Faraji H, Boroujerdi SS. Effects of very short rest periods on hormonal responses to resistance exercise in men. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2010;24(7):1851-9.
- Rahman Rahimi HF, Vatani DS, Qaderi M. Creatine supplementation alters the hormonal response to resistance exercise. Kinesiology. 2010;42(1):28-35.
- Rahimi MR, Khodamoradi M, Falah F. Effects of caffeine consumption before resistance exercise on blood levels of testosterone and growth hormones in male athletes. Koomesh journal. 1398;21(4):679-85.
- Amirsasan R, Vakili J, Shakib A, Armanfar M. Comparing the Effect of one-week supplementation of Citrulline-malate, L-arginine and their combination on growth hormone concentration and metabolic responses in male wrestlers. Journal of Applied Health Studies in Sport Physiology. 2018;5(1):1-9.
- Ravasi AA, Mirza Hoseini O, Armanfar M, Ghodsmirheidari F. Effect of branched-chain amino acids supplementation with two different amounts on anabolic hormone response after heavy resistance activity in Paralympic weightlifters. Journal of Applied Health Studies in Sport Physiology. 2018;5(1):62-8.
- Portal S, Zadik Z, Rabinowitz J, Pilz-Burstein R, Adler-Portal D, Meckel Y, et al. The effect of HMB supplementation on body composition, fitness, hormonal and inflammatory mediators in elite adolescent volleyball players: a prospective randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. European journal of applied physiology. 2011;111(9):2261-9.
- Zhao L, Mohammad M. Testosterone and cortisol responses to ß‐hydroxy ß‐methylbutryate consumption and exercise: A meta‐analysis. Food Science & Nutrition. 2022.
- Townsend JR, Hoffman JR, Gonzalez AM, Jajtner AR, Boone CH, Robinson EH, et al. Effects of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate free acid ingestion and resistance exercise on the acute endocrine response. International journal of endocrinology. 2015;2015.
- Wilson JM, Lowery RP, Joy JM, Walters JA, Baier SM, Fuller JC, et al. β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate free acid reduces markers of exercise-induced muscle damage and improves recovery in resistance-trained men. British Journal of Nutrition. 2013;110(03):538-44.
- Rahimi MR, Shoker-Nejad H. Effects of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate Supplementation on IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β1 during Resistance Exercise in Athletes. Research in Exercise Nutrition. 2022;1(1):40-21.
- Hooper DR, Kraemer WJ, Focht BC, Volek JS, DuPont WH, Caldwell LK, Maresh CM. Endocrinological roles for testosterone in resistance exercise responses and adaptations. Sports Medicine. 2017;47(9):1709-20.
- McPhaul MJ, Young M. Complexities of androgen action. Journal of the American Academy of dermatology. 2001;45(3):S87-S94.
- Kraemer WJ, Ratamess NA. Hormonal responses and adaptations to resistance exercise and training. Sports medicine. 2005;35(4):339-61.
- Donike M. Detection of exogenous testosterone. Leistung und Gesundheit, Kongressbd. 1983.
- Assad MR, Zoghi R, Fashi M. The Effect of 8 Weeks Resistance Training with HMB Supplementary Product on Changes in Growth Hormone and Testosteron Over Un athlete Males. Alborz University Medical Journal. 2016;5(3):187-93.
- Arazi H, Rohani H, Ghiasi A, Keikanloo NA. Resistance training & beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate supplementation on hormones. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte. 2015;21:386-9.
- Faramarzi M, Ghasempour HR, Banitalebi E, Ghafoorian M, Ghatre-Samani k. Effects of β -hydroxy- β -methylbutyrate on kidney parameters and body composition in untrained males after 8 weeks combination resistance training. Journal of Shahrekord Uuniversity of Medical Sciences. 2012;13(6):38-46.
- Townsend JR, Hoffman JR, Gonzalez AM, Jajtner AR, Boone CH, Robinson EH, et al. Effects of β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate Free Acid Ingestion and Resistance Exercise on the Acute Endocrine Response. International journal of endocrinology. 2015;2015:856708.
- Kraemer WJ, Hatfield DL, Volek JS, Fragala MS, Vingren JL, Anderson JM, et al. Effects of amino acids supplement on physiological adaptations to resistance training. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2009;41(5):1111-21.
|