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ارزیابی کاربست اصول روش نظریه زمینهای در پژوهشهای فارسیزبانِ برنامهریزی و طراحی شهری | ||
فصلنامه مطالعات شهری | ||
مقاله 2، دوره 13، شماره 52، آبان 1403، صفحه 17-32 اصل مقاله (848.58 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/urbs.2023.62693 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
بهادر زمانی* 1؛ احسان بابائی سالانقوچ2 | ||
1دانشیار، گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران. | ||
2دانشجوی دکتری، گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده شهرسازی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران. | ||
چکیده | ||
در سالهای اخیر استفاده از روش نظریه زمینهای در نظامهای علمی مرتبط با محیط ساخته شده و به طور خاص طراحی و برنامهریزی شهری افزایش یافته است. از طرفی، عدم توجه کافی پژوهشگران به مبانی و ملاحظات روششناختی نظریه زمینهای و خوانشهای آن، گاهی به گونهای از روششناسی با خوانشهای التقاطی منجر شده که فاقد و ناقض ماهیت روش نظریه زمینهای و ملاحظات اولیه خوانش موردنظر از آن بوده است. با این وجود، بررسی و ارزیابی کیفیت اینگونه پژوهشها در نظامهای علمی مرتبط با محیط ساخته شده و به طور خاص طراحی و برنامهریزی شهری کمتر انجام شده است. از این رو هدف مطالعه حاضر، ارزیابی نظاممندِ مطالعههای انجام شده با استفاده از روش نظریه زمینهای در برنامهریزی و طراحی شهری به منظور شناخت استفاده اصولی از این روش در این عرصه از دانش و ارائه پیشنهاداتی برای کاربردهای آتی است. در این راستا انتخاب پژوهشهای مورد بررسی با جست وجوی نظاممند مقالات منتشر شده در پایگاههای معتبر علمی فارسیزبان با استفاده از روش مرور نظاممند انجام شده است. پس از غربالگری مطالعات موجود بر اساس معیارهای مشخص شده، 44 مطالعه منتشر شده تا سال 1399 انتخاب و بر اساس معیارهای ارزیابی روش نظریه زمینهای مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. نتایج ارزیابی روششناختی پژوهشهای انجام شده مبتنی بر روش نظریه زمینهای نشان داد با وجود اقبال فزاینده به استفاده از این روش در مطالعات حوزه برنامهریزی و طراحی شهری، بسیاری از این پژوهشها در کاربست کامل و دقیق اصول و مراحل روش نظریه زمینهای و خوانشهای آن ناموفق بودهاند و نتیجه آنها به جای نظریه به عنوان دستاورد مورد انتظار از کاربست این روش به صورت دیاگرام، مدل و چارچوب مفهومی تنزل پیدا کرده است. همچنین نتایج بررسی حاضر نشان داد بهرهگیری صرف برخی پژوهشها از مجموعهای از تکنیکهای روش نظریه زمینهای مانند کدگذاری و یا نگارش یادداشتهای تحلیلی و غفلت از فرایندهای مهمی از قبیل نمونهگیری نظری، مقایسه مستمر و تحلیل عمیق مقولهها موجب شده تا این مطالعهها از عرصه توصیف فراتر نرفته و ضمن اکتفا به ارائه تمها و روایتهای تشریحی، کمتر به تولید نظریه به عنوان هدف روش نظریه زمینهای دست یابند. بر اساس یافتههای این مقاله، ارتقای کیفیت پژوهشهای مبتنی بر روش نظریه زمینهای در حوزه برنامهریزی و طراحی شهری نیازمند شناخت صحیح پژوهشگران از ماهیت، ویژگیها و اصول نظریه زمینهای و آگاهی عمیق از خوانشهای این روش و تفاوتهای آنها به منظور تناسبسنجی و توجیه انتخاب خوانش مناسب بر اساس اهداف و ویژگیهای پژوهش است. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
روش نظریه زمینهای؛ برنامهریزی شهری؛ طراحی شهری؛ مرور نظاممند | ||
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