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Applying Classical Test Theory to Test Critical Period Hypothesis: The Case of Iranian EFL Learners' Grammatical Performance in a Subject-Verb Test on Agreement | ||
| Critical Literary Studies | ||
| مقاله 14، دوره 7، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 14، تیر 2025، صفحه 237-269 اصل مقاله (1.25 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Original Article | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/cls.2025.63774 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Omid Ostad1؛ Hadi Heidari* 2؛ Azadeh Khoshsoroor3 | ||
| 1PhD Graduate of TEFL, Allameh Tabatabe’i University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 2PhD Graduate of TEFL, IKIU, Qazvin, Iran | ||
| 3MA in TEFL, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran | ||
| چکیده | ||
| The current paper pursues two aims: to employ Classical Test Theory (CTT) to develop and refine a test, and to determine the impact of the age factor on L2 grammar among Iranian EFL learners, providing evidence for the claim that CTT best evaluates the consistency of measurements in age-related studies. The study examines the performance of adults or teenagers as pre- and post-puberty learners, in the grammar test devised through CTT, to conclude whether younger learners or older ones perform better on subject-verb agreement. Based on random sampling, twenty-three male participants, including 12 adults and 11 adolescents, upper-intermediate native speakers of Persian, took part in the study. They were tested on a 60-item test of grammar (on subject-verb agreement), which has been developed using the CTT model, as it fits small sample sizes and can be used for understanding complex issues (e.g., age-related issues). Other than devising a test on agreement using CTT as a model, the results revealed that post-puberty learners scored better than their younger counterparts, partly because they are cognitively more mature. However, age is not the one and only factor in second language learning, and other factors like individual differences, contextual factors, and methodological rigor should be taken into account. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| Designing Test؛ EFL؛ Pre- and Post-puberty؛ Subject-Verb Agreement؛ Tense Agreement | ||
| مراجع | ||
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