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نقش قدرت در بازتولید غیررسمیت قشرفرادست در نظام برنامهریزی شهری: تحلیل گفتمان حق مکتسبه در بازنگری طرح منطقه ثامن مشهد | ||
فصلنامه مطالعات شهری | ||
مقاله 3، دوره 14، شماره 55، مرداد 1404، صفحه 35-50 اصل مقاله (1017.36 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/urbs.2025.141880.5073 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
سارا وثوقی1؛ فرشاد نوریان* 2 | ||
1دانش آموخته دکتری، دانشکده شهرسازی، پردیس هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران. | ||
2دانشیار، دانشکده شهرسازی، پردیس هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران. | ||
چکیده | ||
در دهه اخیر، غیر رسمیت به یکی از مهمترین مسائل توسعههای شهری بهویژه در جهان جنوب تبدیل و با ارائه مفهوم "غیررسمیت قشرفرادست" به فراتر از حوزه فقر شهری گسترده شده است. در این بستر، بسیاری از محققان در تبیین ارتباط قدرت و غیر رسمیت شهری نقش دولت را در تعلیق قانون برجسته کردهاند. اخیراً این نگاه به دلیل فهم تقلیلگرایانه از قدرت و عدم توجه به شبکه پیچیده بازیگران درون و بیرون دولت نقد شده و ضرورت بسط رویکرد غیرمرکزگرا به غیررسمیت شهری مطرح گردیده است. در این راستا، این مقاله با بسط این فرضیه بر اساس تفکرات فوکو که تمییز قانونمداری/ناقانونمداری یکرویه گفتمانی برساخته قدرت است، تلاش مینماید چگونگی تقابل پیچیده بازیگران قدرت بر روی قانون را در بستر غیررسمیت شهری قشرفرادست تبیین کند. بدین منظور با استفاده از روش تحلیل گفتمان، مطالعه درونگفتمانی (جایگاه سوژهها، ابژهها و مفاهیم)، میان گفتمانی و فرا گفتمانی حق مکتسبه در بازنگری طرح بهسازی و نوسازی بافت پیرامون حرم رضوی (منطقه ثامن) صورت گرفت. یافتهها نشان داد که منازعات بازیگران قدرت درون و بیرون دولت مولد گفتمانهای حقیقت متقابلی از قانونمداری/نا قانونمداری است که هرکدام جایگاه مشروع تصمیمگیری درباره حق مکتسبه، نحوه تفسیر قانون حق مکتسبه و نوع حقی را که تحت لوای حق مکتسبه باید استیفا شود را به نحو متفاوتی تبیین مینمایند. نتایج نشان میدهد که تقابل گفتمانی قدرت بر روی قانونمداری ریشه در دوگانگی درونی نظام رسمی برنامهریزی شهری درباره جایگاههای تصمیمگیری محلی/ مرکزی، تمییز منافع عمومی/ خصوصی، پذیرش/ عدمپذیرش تبعات اعمال قانون، سازوکارهای عرفی مقرراتزدایی/ سازوکارهای رسمی مقررات گرایی دارد. این تضاد درونی منجر به ایجاد تقابل قدرت در بستر سیاسی _ اجتماعی شده که در نتیجه آن عرصهای فراهم میشود که قشر فرادست در جایگاه تصمیمگیری رسمی قرار گرفته، منافع آن ذیل منافع عمومی بازتعریف شده و قانون به نفع قشر فرادست تفسیر شود. بدین ترتیب توسعههای غیرقانونی قشرفرادست قانونی شده و غیررسمیت در بستر تضاد درونی نظام رسمی برنامهریزی شهری بازتولید میشود. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
غیر رسمیت شهری قشر فرادست؛ قدرت؛ قانون؛ حق مکتسبه؛ تحلیل گفتمان | ||
مراجع | ||
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