Examining the Interaction Between Leadership Styles and Managers' Self-Efficacy on Teachers' Psychological Empowerment and Creativity: A Neural Network Approach

Abbasi, M. (2019). The impact of teachers' creativity on students' academic performance. Journal of Education and Training [in Persian].

Albay, E. M., & Eisma, D. V. (2025). Using design thinking for developing pre-service teachers’ creativity in designing teaching plans to promote interactive learning in mathematics. Learning and Instruction, 96, 102070. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2024.102070

Amabile, T. M. (1996). Creativity in context: Update to the social psychology of creativity. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Arastaman, G., Fidan, T., Ayyıldız, P., & Kurt, T. (2024). The effect of leadership self-efficacy on the decision to be a school principal: the mediating roles of motivation-to-lead and worries-about-leadership. Journal of Educational Administration, 62(5), 545-558. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-08-2023-0188

of faculty psychological empowerment and autonomy on sustainable quality education in the didactics of accreditation and green pedagogy. Journal of Global Responsibility. https://doi.org/10.1108/JGR-10-2023-0170

Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.

Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1995). Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire: Manual and sampler set (3rd ed.). Redwood City, CA: Mind Garden.

Brauer, R., Ormiston, J., & Beausaert, S. (2025). Creativity-fostering teacher behaviors in higher education: A transdisciplinary systematic literature review. Review of Educational Research, 95(5), 899-928. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543241258226

Brown, M. E., & Treviño, L. K. (2006). Ethical leadership: A review and future directions. The Leadership Quarterly, 17 (6), 595-616.

Celik, O. T., Sari, T., & Karagozoglu, A. A. (2025). A Systematic Literature Review of Research on Teacher Empowerment. Urban Education, 60(10), 2728-2763. https://doi.org/10.1177/00420859241301073

Fan, J., & Zhang, W. (2008). Statistical methods with varying coefficient models. Statistics and its Interface, 1(1), 179.‏

Farahmand, A., & colleagues. (2021). The impact of managers' self-efficacy on teachers' creativity. Quarterly Journal of Educational Management, 15(3), 27-45 [in Persian].

Goodfellow, I., Bengio, Y., & Courville, A. (2016). Convolutional networks. Deep learning, 2016, 330-372.‏

Hameli, K., Ukaj, L., & Çollaku, L. (2025). The role of self-efficacy and psychological empowerment in explaining the relationship between emotional intelligence and work engagement. EuroMed Journal of Business, 20(2), 378-398. https://doi.org/10.1108/EMJB-08-2023-0210

Hassanzadeh, E. (2018). The relationship between managers' leadership styles and teachers' creativity. Journal of Educational Management [in Persian].

LeCun, Y., Bengio, Y., & Hinton, G. (2015). Deep learning. nature, 521(7553), 436-444.‏ http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature14539

Maleki, F. (2020). The relationship between teachers' creativity and teaching quality. Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences [in Persian].

Marlia, M. A., Fahmy, R., Lukito, H., & Games, D. (2025). An Exploratory Study on Effective Leadership and Change Management in the Transformation of Indonesian Public Universities Towards World-Class University Status. Sustainability, 17(3), 1300.

Moradi, S., & colleagues. (2017). Examining the role of leadership style in the psychological empowerment of teachers. Quarterly Journal of Educational Sciences, 9(1), 66-82 [in Persian].

Nguyen, N. T. T., Nguyen, N. P., & Hoai, T. T. (2021). Ethical leadership, corporate social responsibility, firm reputation, and firm performance: A serial mediation model. Heliyon, 7(4).‏

Nikparast, S., & colleagues. (2022). The impact of psychological empowerment on teachers' creativity. Scientific Journal of Educational Management, 7(2), 50-66 [in Persian].

Noori, Z., & colleagues. (2017). The relationship between teachers' self-efficacy and psychological empowerment. Journal of Educational Research [in Persian].

Northouse, P. G. (2018). Leadership: Theory and practice (8th ed.). Los Angeles: Sage Publications.

Ozdogru, M., Tulubas, T., Karakose, T., Kanadlı, S., Kardas, A., & Papadakis, S. (2025). How does teacher self-efficacy mediate the relationship between student outcomes and principal leadership for learning? Results from meta-analytic structural equation modelling (MASEM). Acta Psychologica, 258, 105144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105144

Purohit, S., & Dutt, A. (2024). Pedagogical innovations in management education in the 21ST century: A review and research agenda. The International Journal of Management Education, 22(2), 100976.

Riadi, F., Riani, D., Sunarsi, D., & Munna, A. S. (2025). Islamic work ethics-based organizational citizenship behavior to improve the job satisfaction and organizational commitment of higher education lecturers in Indonesia. International Journal of Educational Administration, Management, and Leadership, 17-28. https://doi.org/10.51629/ijeamal.v6i1.214

Sagdiyev, A. (2025). EDUCATION MANAGEMENT IN PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES IN UZBEKISTAN: DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES, CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence, 1(2), 308-313.

Salehi, M. R., & colleagues. (2019). The impact of leadership styles on the psychological empowerment of teachers. Journal of Educational Research [in Persian].

Soeharto, S., Singh, S. S., & Afriyanti, F. (2024). Associations between attitudes toward inclusive education and teaching for creativity for Indonesian pre-service teachers. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 51, 101469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2024.101469

Spreitzer, G. M. (1995). Psychological empowerment in the workplace: Dimensions, measurement, and validation. Academy of management Journal, 38(5), 1442-1465.

Supendi, P., Rosa, A. T. R., Fahrurozi, F., & Gaffar, M. A. (2025). Transformational Leadership in Education: Improving Work Ethic and Professional Commitment of Teachers. Lectura: Jurnal Pendidikan, 16(1), 357-367. https://doi.org/10.31849/lectura.v16i1.25842

Tschannen-Moran, M., & Woolfolk Hoy, A. (2001). Teacher efficacy: Capturing an elusive construct. Teaching and Teacher Education, 17 (7), 783-805.

Wu, L., Jiang, S., Wang, X., Yu, L., Wang, Y., & Pan, H. (2022). Entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions of college students: The mediating role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and the moderating role of entrepreneurial competition experience. Frontiers in psychology, 12, 727826.‏

Xue, D., Sun, B., Li, W., Li, X., & Xiao, W. (2024). The relationship between resiliency, psychological empowerment, and teacher burnout across different genders: A psychological network analysis. Behavioral Sciences, 14(10), 878. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14100878

Yilmaz, B., & Tore, E. (2025). The Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy in the Effect of School Principals’ Transformational Leadership Characteristics on Teachers’ Innovative Work Behavior. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 1-20.

Zainal, M. A., & Mohd Matore, M. E. E. (2021). The influence of teachers’ self-efficacy and school leaders’ transformational leadership practices on teachers’ innovative behaviour. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(12), 6423. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126423