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The Coexistence of Contrasting Forces: An Analysis of Selected Poetry of William Carlos Williams through Chaos Theory | ||
| Critical Literary Studies | ||
| مقاله 3، دوره 8، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 16، تیر 2026، صفحه 1-18 اصل مقاله (577.68 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Original Article | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/cls.2026.64313 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Mohammad Reza Esfandiari Mehr* 1؛ Ali Taghizadeh2 | ||
| 1Department of English Language and Linguistics, Faculty of Letters and Humanities, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Department of English Language and Linguistics, Faculty of Letters and Humanities, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Chaos theory, as a branch of critical theory, has increasingly shaped discussions in the sciences and the humanities by emphasizing nonlinear, unpredictable, yet patterned systems. The present research applies this framework to the poetry of William Carlos Williams, whose deceptively simple verse resists conventional interpretation. It argues that Williams’ poetry, often seen as fragmentary or chaotic, embodies underlying structures of order and interconnection, revealing a coexistence of heterogeneous: ordinary details that disclose systematic patterns when viewed through this lens. Drawing on N. Katherine Hayles’ reading of chaos theory, the study closely reads three poems— “This Is Just to Say,” “The Red Wheelbarrow,” and “Classic Scene”— to show themes of creation and destruction, cyclical dependence, and complex dynamics beneath trivial scenes. By integrating chaos theory into literary analysis, the study shows that Williams’ work converts surface-level disorder into deeper coherence. In doing so, it offers a critical model for reading modernist poetry without reducing it to either pure fragmentation or rigid order. The conclusion reached is that Williams’ art affirms a modern aesthetic in which instability is not a threat to meaning but a generative condition for new forms of significance. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Modernist Poetry؛ Butterfly effect؛ Fractals؛ Order and Disorder؛ Nonlinearity | ||
| مراجع | ||
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