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The Last Man Standing: Narrative Elimination and Postmodern Elegy in Auster’s 4321 | ||
| Critical Literary Studies | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 15 بهمن 1404 | ||
| نوع مقاله: Original Article | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/cls.2026.144447.1545 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Reihane Ghamkhar Yazdi1؛ Laleh Atashi2 | ||
| 1PhD Candidate, Department of Foreign Languages and Linguistics, School of Literature and Humanities, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Fars, Iran. | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Department of Foreign Languages and Linguistics, School of Literature and Humanities, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Fars, Iran. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Paul Auster’s 4 3 2 1 is typically read as a postmodern celebration of multiplicity. This article argues that Auster uses postmodern strategies to achieve a philosophical conclusion that strains against the movement’s celebratory ethos. He stages a brutal process of identity formation enacted as a postmodern elegy, where the novel’s parallel lives represent not a democratic exploration of possibility, but a narrative survival-of-the-fittest contest in which three of the four protagonists are elegiac figures, defined by trauma and destined for termination. The survival of the author-surrogate, Ferguson 4, is thus a privileged outcome, and the novel’s metafictional conclusion becomes a dual act of memorialization and erasure: an authoritative execution where the victor forges his singular identity from the ghosts of his eliminated selves. This article ultimately reframes 4 3 2 1 as a dark meditation on the practice of creative writing itself. It argues that Auster theorizes a haunted postmodern identity: one that is fragmented and multiple not out of a celebration of fluid collection of possibilities, but because it is composed of the spectral traces of the lives it had to narratively destroy to exist. This reveals a darker, more hierarchical logic within the practice of postmodern fiction. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Paul Auster؛ 4 3 2 1؛ Postmodern Elegy؛ Narrative Elimination؛ Narrative Identity | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 30 |
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