| تعداد نشریات | 31 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 403 |
| تعداد مقالات | 3,921 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 5,465,153 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 5,665,448 |
Translation Agents and Networks: A Case Study of the Persian Translations of Bakhtiar Ali’s Novels in Iran | ||
| Critical Literary Studies | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 20 بهمن 1404 | ||
| نوع مقاله: Original Article | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/cls.2026.144536.1548 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Milad Miraki1؛ Ahmad Moinzadeh* 2؛ Saeed Ketabi3 | ||
| 1Ph.D Candidate in Translation Studies, Department of English Language and Literature, Faculty of Foreign Languages, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran. | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Department of English Language and Literature, Faculty of Foreign Languages, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran | ||
| 3Associate Professor, Department of English Language and Literature, Faculty of Foreign Languages, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| The current study examines the agency of translators and publishers in the Persian translations of Ali’s Kurdish novels within the Iranian literary field, highlighting how decisions, motivations, and contextual constraints interact. The study adopts a qualitative case study approach, focusing exclusively on Bakhtiar Ali’s novels translated directly from Kurdish into Persian between 1997 and 2025. It draws on in-depth semi-structured interviews with seven translators and six publishers, conducted until theoretical saturation was reached, alongside archival research, publication histories, and textual and paratextual analysis to trace patterns of decision-making and collaboration. The analysis is informed by Haddadian-Moghaddam’s tri-tier model of agency comprising decision, motivation, and context in tandem with Actor–Network Theory (ANT) and Bourdieu’s concept of capital. The findings reveal that agency is unevenly distributed: early translations were driven primarily by translators’ intellectual and cultural motivations, whereas later translations reflect publishers’ increasing control, shaped by symbolic capital, market considerations, and the growing recognition of Kurdish literature. Translators’ agency is further constrained by political and institutional factors, including censorship, time, and language hierarchies, yet facilitated by enabling mechanisms such as literary awards, paratextual visibility, and the emergence of celebrity translators. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Actor-Network Theory (ANT)؛ Pierre Bourdieu؛ Capital؛ Field؛ Kurdish Translation Studies؛ Translator Agency | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Abdallah, Kristiina. “Actor-Network Theory as a Tool in Defining Translation Quality.” Translating and Interpreting as a Social Practice, University of Graz, 2005. Abdallah, Kristiina. “Translators’ Agency in Production Networks.” Translators’ Agency, edited by Tuija Kinnunen and Kaisa Koskinen, Tampere University Press, 2010, pp. 11–46. Abdolmaleki, Saleh, et al. “Agency in Non-professional Manga Translation in Iran.” Translation and Interpreting, vol. 10, no. 1, 2018, pp. 92–110. Ahmadzadeh, Mohammad Amir. “The Role of Translation of New Works in the Formation of Modernism Discourse in Qajar Iran.” Social History Research, vol. 4, no. 2, 2015, pp. 21–48. Aixelà, Javier Franco. “Culture-Specific Items in Translation.” Translation, Power, Subversion, edited by Roman Alvarez and M. Carmen-África Vidal, Multilingual Matters, 1996, pp. 52–78. Alkharashi, Norah. Charting Agency in Digital Context: Agents and Networks in the Making of Arabic to English Literary Translations in an Online Magazine. PhD diss., University of Ottawa, 2025. Awung, Florence. “Agency in Translating Une Vie de Boy into English: Exploring Translator Identity and Translation Strategies.” Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics Plus, vol. 43, no. 1, 2014, pp. 17–30. Baker, Mona. Translation and Conflict: A Narrative Account. Routledge, 2006. Barbalet, J. M. Emotion, Social Theory, and Social Structure: A Macrosociological Approach. Cambridge University Press, 1999. Bassnett, Susan, and André Lefevere, editors. Translation, History, and Culture. Pinter, 1990. Bloom, Harold. The Anxiety of Influence: A Theory of Poetry. 2nd ed., Oxford University Press, 1997. Bolouri, Mazdak. “Translators’ Agency in Footnotes and Notes of Contemporary Iranian Literary Translators.” Language Related Research, vol. 8, no. 6, 2018, pp. 191–214. Boéri, Julie. “Translation for Social Justice: Concepts, Policies, and Practices across Modalities and Contexts.” Linguistica Antverpiensia: New Series – Themes in Translation Studies, vol. 23, 2024, pp. 1–16. Bourdieu, Pierre. The Field of Cultural Production: Essays on Art and Literature. Edited by Randal Johnson, Columbia University Press, 1993. Bourdieu, Pierre. “Social Space and Symbolic Power.” In Other Words: Essays Towards a Reflexive Sociology, translated by Matthew Adamson, Polity Press, 1990, pp. 123–39. Buchanan, Ian. A Dictionary of Critical Theory. 2nd ed., Oxford University Press, 2018. Buzelin, Hélène. “Agents of Translation.” Handbook of Translation Studies, vol. 2, edited by Yves Gambier and Luc van Doorslaer, John Benjamins, 2011, pp. 6–12. Buzelin, Hélène. “Independent Publishers in the Networks of Translation.” TTR: Traduction, Terminologie, Rédaction, vol. 19, no. 1, 2006, pp. 61–84. Buzelin, Hélène. “Unexpected Allies: How Latour’s Network Theory Could Complement Bourdieusian Analyses in Translation Studies.” The Translator, vol. 11, no. 2, 2005, pp. 193–218. Callon, Michel. “Some Elements of a Sociology of Translation: Domestication of the Scallops and the Fishermen of St Brieuc Bay.” The Sociological Review, vol. 32, no. 1, 1984, pp. 196–233. Chan, Andy Lung Jan. Information Economics, the Translation Profession and Translator Certification. PhD diss., Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2008. Chesterman, Andrew. “The Name and Nature of Translator Studies.” HERMES – Journal of Language and Communication in Business, no. 42, 2009, pp. 13–22. Çelik, Dibar. Translators’ Formative Agency in the Periodical Hawar (1932–1943): The Making of a Kurdish Cultural Identity. Brill, 2025. Delzendehrooy, S. “Translation Agency in the Introduction of Psychology to Iran: An Examination of the First Four Decades of the 1300s (1920–1960).” Language and Translation Studies, vol. 57, no. 2, 2024, pp. 68–95. Even-Zohar, Itamar. “The Position of Translated Literature within the Literary Polysystem.” Poetics Today, vol. 11, no. 1, 1990, pp. 45–51. Gholami, Zhila. “Repression Equals Return of the Repressed: A Discourse Analysis of Bakhtiyar Ali’s Conquering Darkness.” British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 2025, pp. 1–30. Giddens, Anthony. The Constitution of Society: Outline of the Theory of Structuration. University of California Press, 1984. Gouanvic, Jean-Marc. “A Bourdieusian Theory of Translation, or the Coincidence of Practical Instances: Field, ‘Habitus’, Capital and ‘Illusio’.” The Translator, vol. 11, no. 2, 2005, pp. 147–66. Haddadian-Moghaddam, Esmaeil. Literary Translation in Modern Iran: A Sociological Study. John Benjamins, 2014. Heilbron, Johan. “Towards a Sociology of Translation: Book Translations as a Cultural World-System.” European Journal of Social Theory, vol. 2, no. 4, 1999, pp. 429–44. Heilbron, Johan, and Gisèle Sapiro. “Outline for a Sociology of Translation: Current Issues and Future Prospects.” Constructing a Sociology of Translation, edited by Michaela Wolf and Alexandra Fukari, John Benjamins, 2007, pp. 93–107. Inghilleri, Moira. “The Sociology of Bourdieu and the Construction of the ‘Object’ in Translation and Interpreting Studies.” The Translator, vol. 11, no. 2, 2005, pp. 125–45. Jones, Francis Redvers. “Embassy Networks: Translating Post-War Bosnian Poetry into English.” Agents of Translation, edited by John Milton and Paul Bandia, John Benjamins, 2009, pp. 301–25. Jones, Francis Redvers, and Damir Arsenijević. “(Re)constructing Bosnia: Ideologies and Agents in Poetry Translation.” Translation and the Construction of Identity, edited by Juliane House, Rosario Martín Ruano, and Nicole Baumgarten, International Association for Translation and Intercultural Studies, 2005, pp. 68–91. Kalantari, Esmaeil. “Review of The Sociological Turn in Translation and Interpreting Studies, edited by Claudia V. Angelelli.” Meta, vol. 61, no. 3, 2016, pp. 742–45. Khazaei-Far, Ali, and Marivan Halabchayee. “گفتوگو با مریوان حلبچهای؛ مترجم کُردی به فارسی و برعکس.” Journal of Translation Studies, 17 Oct. 2022. Kinnunen, Tuija, and Kaisa Koskinen, editors. Translators’ Agency. Tampere University Press, 2010. Kung, Szu-Wen Cindy. “Translation Agents and Networks, with Reference to the Translation of Contemporary Taiwanese Novels.” Translation Research Projects 2, edited by Anthony Pym and Andriy Perekrestenko, Intercultural Studies Group, 2009, pp. 123–38. Laver, John, and Ian Mason, editors. A Dictionary of Translation and Interpreting. St. Jerome Publishing, 2008. Lefevere, André. Translation, Rewriting, and the Manipulation of Literary Fame. Routledge, 1992. Marais, Kobus. Translation Theory and Development Studies: A Complexity Theory Approach. Routledge, 2014. Menbari, Serveh, and Farzaneh Farahzad. “Unveiling the Marginalized: Translation to and from Kurdish in Iran during the Pahlavi Era (1925–1979).” Iranian Journal of Translation Studies, vol. 22, no. 85, 2024, pp. 5–20. Miraki, Milad, and Nima Noushmand. “Literary Translation Flow from Kurdish into Persian between 1997 and 2021: A Sociological Study.” Iranian Journal of Translation Studies, vol. 20, no. 78, 2022, pp. 13–28. Miraki, Milad, Ahmad Moinzadeh, and Saeed Ketabi. “Kurdish Celebrity Translators: The Case of Bakhtiar Ali’s Translators in Iran.” Iranian Journal of Translation Studies, vol. 23, no. 91, 2025. Newmark, Peter. “A Translator’s Approach to Literary Language.” Across Languages and Cultures, vol. 2, no. 1, 2001, pp. 5–14. Noushmand, Nima, and Milad Miraki. “Translators’ Agency in Persian Fansubbed Movies: A Paratextual Analysis.” Critical Literary Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2024, pp. 195–215. Paloposki, Outi. “Limits of Freedom: Agency, Choice and Constraints in the Work of the Translator.” Agents of Translation, edited by John Milton and Paul Bandia, John Benjamins, 2009, pp. 189–208. Paloposki, Outi. “The Translator’s Footprints.” Translators’ Agency, edited by Tuija Kinnunen and Kaisa Koskinen, Tampere University Press, 2010, pp. 86–107. Palumbo, Giuseppe. Key Terms in Translation Studies. Bloomsbury, 2009. Poupaud, Sandra. “Agency in Translation: Hispanic Literature in France, 1984–2002.” Translation Research Projects 1, edited by Anthony Pym and Andriy Perekrestenko, Intercultural Studies Group, 2007, pp. 37–48. Pym, Anthony. Method in Translation History. Routledge, 1998. Riccardi, Alessandra, editor. Translation Studies: Perspectives on an Emerging Discipline. Cambridge University Press, 2002. Sapiro, Gisèle. “The Sociology of Translation: A New Research Domain.” A Companion to Translation Studies, edited by Sandra Berman and Catherine Porter, Wiley-Blackwell, 2014, pp. 82–94. Scoville, Spencer Dan. The Agency of the Translator: Khalil Baydas’ Literary Translations. PhD diss., University of Michigan, 2012. Shuttleworth, Mark, and Moira Cowie. Dictionary of Translation Studies. St. Jerome Publishing, 1997. Simeoni, Daniel. “Translating and Studying Translation: The View from the Agent.” Meta, vol. 40, no. 3, 1995, pp. 445–60. Simeoni, Daniel. “The Pivotal Status of the Translator’s Habitus.” Target, vol. 10, no. 1, 1998, pp. 1–39. Sokol, Bryan W., et al. “Agency and Development: A Conceptual Framework for the Study of Children and Adolescents.” Child Development Perspectives, vol. 9, no. 1, 2015, pp. 6–11. Susam-Saraeva, Şebnem. “The Case Study Research Method in Translation Studies.” The Interpreter and Translator Trainer, vol. 3, no. 1, 2009, pp. 37–56. Tymoczko, Maria. Enlarging Translation, Empowering Translators. St. Jerome, 2007. Tymoczko, Maria. Translation, Resistance, Activism: Essays on the Role of Translators in Social Movements. University of Massachusetts Press, 2010. Tyulenev, Sergey. Applying Luhmann to Translation Studies: Translation in Society. Routledge, 2012. Venuti, Lawrence. The Translator’s Invisibility: A History of Translation. 2nd ed., Routledge, 2008. Williams, Jenny. Theories of Translation. Palgrave Macmillan, 2013. Wolf, Michaela. “Introduction: The Emergence of a Sociology of Translation.” Constructing a Sociology of Translation, edited by Michaela Wolf and Alexandra Fukari, John Benjamins, 2007, pp. 1–36. Wolf, Michaela. “The Sociology of Translation and Its ‘Activist Turn.’” Translation and Interpreting Studies, vol. 7, no. 2, 2012, pp. 7–21. Yin, Robert K. Case Study Research: Design and Methods. 4th ed., Sage, 2009. Zhonggang, Sang, and Xiangbing Wang. “The Sociological Approach in Translation Studies.” Bridging Translation Studies and Other Disciplines, Routledge, 2026, p. 49. Zoraqi, Amir Arsalan, and Mohsen Kafi. “The (In)visible Agency of Video Games Localizers: A Case Study.” Media and Intercultural Communication: A Multidisciplinary Journal, vol. 1, no. 1, 2023, pp. 29–47. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 81 |
||